English Eleventh LAT
viernes, 16 de octubre de 2020
jueves, 20 de agosto de 2020
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
- the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
- the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive
Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Simple Present | Active: | Rita | writes | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | is written | by Rita. | |
Simple Past | Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | was written | by Rita. | |
Present Perfect | Active: | Rita | has written | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | has been written | by Rita. | |
Future I | Active: | Rita | will write | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | will be written | by Rita. | |
Hilfsverben | Active: | Rita | can write | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | can be written | by Rita. |
Examples of Passive
Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Present Progressive | Active: | Rita | is writing | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | is being written | by Rita. | |
Past Progressive | Active: | Rita | was writing | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | was being written | by Rita. | |
Past Perfect | Active: | Rita | had written | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | had been written | by Rita. | |
Future II | Active: | Rita | will have written | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | will have been written | by Rita. | |
Conditional I | Active: | Rita | would write | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | would be written | by Rita. | |
Conditional II | Active: | Rita | would have written | a letter. |
Passive: | A letter | would have been written | by Rita. |
Passive Sentences with Two Objects
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
Subject | Verb | Object 1 | Object 2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter | to me. |
Passive: | A letter | was written | to me | by Rita. |
Passive: | I | was written | a letter | by Rita. |
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
martes, 14 de julio de 2020
PASSIVE VOICE
La voz pasiva
Funciones de la voz pasiva
Ejemplos
- The passive voice is used frequently. (= nos interesa la voz pasiva, no quién la usa.)
- The house was built in 1654. (= nos interesa la casa, no quién la construyó.)
- The road is being repaired. (= nos interesa la carretera, no quién la está arreglando.)
Ejemplos
- I noticed that a window had been left open.
- Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads.
- All the cookies have been eaten.
- My car has been stolen!
Pasiva | Activa |
---|---|
A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words. | A few well-chosen words convey a great deal of meaning. |
Our planet is wrapped in a mass of gases. | A mass of gases wrap around our planet. |
Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways. | The city disposes of waste materials in a variety of ways. |
Pasiva | Activa |
---|---|
"A Hard Day's Night" was written by the Beatles. | The Beatles wrote "A Hard Day's Night". |
The movie ET was directed by Spielberg. | Spielberg directed the movie ET. |
This house was built by my father. | My father built this house. |
Formación de la voz pasiva
la forma apropiada del verbo "to be" + "past participle"
Afirmativa | Negativa | Interrogativa | Interrogativa negativa |
---|---|---|---|
The house was built in 1899. | The house wasn't built in 1899. | Was the house built in 1899? | Wasn't the house built in 1899? |
These houses were built in 1899. | These houses weren't built in 1899. | Were these houses built in 1899? | Weren't these houses built in 1899? |
"To clean", voz pasiva
Sujeto | + "to be" (conjugado) | + "past participle" | + resto de la oración |
---|---|---|---|
Simple present | |||
The house | is | cleaned | every day. |
Present continuous | |||
The house | is being | cleaned | at the moment. |
Simple past | |||
The house | was | cleaned | yesterday. |
Past continuous | |||
The house | was being | cleaned | last week. |
Present perfect | |||
The house | has been | cleaned | since you left. |
Past perfect | |||
The house | had been | cleaned | before they arrived. |
Future | |||
The house | will be | cleaned | next week. |
Future continuous | |||
The house | will be being | cleaned | tomorrow. |
Present conditional | |||
The house | would be | cleaned | if they had visitors. |
Past conditional | |||
The house | would have been | cleaned | if it had been dirty. |
Inifinitivo | |||
The house | must be | cleaned | before we arrive. |
La voz pasiva con infinitivos
Ejemplos
- You have to be tested on your English grammar.
- John might be promoted next year.
- She wants to be invited to the party.
- I expect to be surprised on my birthday.
- You may be disappointed.
La voz pasiva con el "gerund"
Ejemplos
- I remember being taught to drive.
- The children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
- The children are excited to be taken to the zoo.
- Most film stars hate being interviewed.
- Most film stars hate to be interviewed.
- Poodles like to be pampered.
- Poodles like being pampered.
Uso de "to be born"
Ejemplos
- I was born in 1976.
- Where were you born?
- Around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.
- We don't know on exactly which day the baby will be born.
TERCER PERIODO
How can we recognize the difference between verbal times and change sentences to passive voice
TÓPICO GENERATIVO
META ESPECIFICA
The student will understand the difference between verbal times and change sentences to passive voice.
martes, 26 de mayo de 2020
PRESENT PERFECT WORK CLASS MAY 26th/2020 TUESDAY
1. The earth __________________ here for billions of years (be).
2. We ________________________ cards for the last few hours (play).
3. We ________________________ problems with our new car recently (have)
4. ____________________________ on anything interesting lately ?(you work)
5. Cuba ________________________ a socialist country since 1959 (be)
6. I ________________________ care of my neighbour’s cats while they are away (take)
7. I ________________________ my car for three years (have).
8. ________________________________ an important fight? (the boxer , ever, win)
9. John and Mary ________________________ with each other since the day they got married (quarrel).
10. It ________________________ hard since last night (rain).
11. I’m tired because I ________________________ well lately. (not feel)
12. _________________________________ your problems? (your parents, always, understand)
13. The patient ________________________ penicillin for several days now (take)
14. A big earthquake ________________________ San Francisco since 1906. (not hit)
15. They ___________________________ in San Francisco since they arrived in the USA 20 years ago. (live)
16. He got ill five weeks ago and ________________________ yet. (not recover)
17. Everyone in the Middle East ________________________ about the situation for decades (worry).
18. We ________________________ very cold weather this year (have)
19. Where ________________________ the money? (you, hide)
20. At last ,my favourite team ________________________ against its most important rival (win) 21. I ________________________ for 6 years. (marry)
22. Dad ________________________ a number of jobs in the last few years (have).
23. The bank is still closed. It ________________________ yet. (not open)
24. Our daughter ___________________________ lipstick since she was 16 (wear).
25. She is angry because her boyfriend ________________________ up yet and she ________________________ for half an hour. (not show, wait).
26. I’m still waiting for an answer. They ________________________ up their minds yet. (not make) 27. How many times ________________________ the cat today? (Kim feed)
28. The kids ________________________ on my nerves. They ________________________ too much noise (get, make).
29. My company ________________________ a lot of money in the last few years. They ________________________ hard on an important project. (make, work).
30. They ________________________ our new refrigerator yet, but they will any day now. (not deliver
martes, 19 de mayo de 2020
PRESENT PERFECT
- presente perfecto: I have been married for two years. (He estado casado por dos años.).
- pasado simple: I was married for two years. (Estuve dos años casado).
Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)
Form (Forma)
Sujeto | Verbo auxiliar | Forma Corta | Participio Pasado |
---|---|---|---|
I, you, we, they | have | I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve | talked, learned, traveled… |
he, she, it | has | he’s, she’s, it’s | talked, learned, traveled… |
Verbo | Pasado Simple | Participio pasado |
---|---|---|
be | was/were | been |
do | did | done |
go | went | gone |
make | made | made |
see | saw | seen |
Structure (Estructura)
I have [I’ve] talked to Peter.(He hablado con Peter.) |
She has [She’s] gone to work.(Ha ido a su trabajo.) |
We have [We’ve] been to London.(Hemos ido a Londres.) |
They have [They’ve] learned English.(Han aprendido inglés.) |
I haven’t talked to Peter.(No he hablado con Peter.) |
She hasn’t gone to work.(No ha ido a su trabajo.) |
We haven’t been to London.(No hemos ido a Londres.) |
They haven’t learned English.(No han aprendido inglés.) |
Have you talked to Peter?(¿Has hablado con Peter?) |
Has she gone to work?(¿Ha ido a su trabajo?) |
Have you been to London?(¿Has ido a Londres?) |
Have they learned English?(¿Han aprendido inglés?) |
Uses (Usos)
I have never flown in a plane.(Nunca he volado en un avión.) |
He has worked in many different museums.(Ha trabajado en muchos museos diferentes.) |
We have been to Río de Janeiro.(Hemos ido a Río de Janeiro.) |
I have become more timid in my old age.(Me he vuelto más tímido en mi vejez.) |
Their English has improved a lot this year.(Su inglés ha mejorado mucho este año.) |
He has learned to be more patient.(Ha aprendido a ser más paciente.) |
Our football team has won the championship three times.(Nuestro equipo de fútbol ha ganado el campeonato tres veces.) |
Dan has finished writing his first novel.(Dan ha terminado de escribir su primera novela.) |
Scientists have succeeded in curing many illnesses.(Los científicos han tenido éxito en la curación de muchas enfermedades.) |
The plane hasn’t arrived yet.(El avión no ha llegado todavía.) |
Our team still hasn’t won a championship.(Nuestro equipo aún no ha ganado un campeonato.) |
You haven’t finished your homework yet?(¿No has acabado todavía los deberes?) |
We have spoken several times, but we still can’t reach an agreement.(Hemos hablado varias veces, pero todavía no podemos llegar a un acuerdo.) |
Our team has played 4 games so far this year.(Nuestro equipo ya ha jugado 4 partidos este año.) |
I love New York! I have been there 5 times already and I can’t wait to go back.(¡Me encanta Nueva York! Ya he estado allí 5 veces y no puedo esperar para regresar.) |
How long has Michael been in Barcelona?(¿Cuánto tiempo ha estado Michael en Barcelona?) |
I have loved you since the day I met you.(Te he querido desde el día que te conocí.) |
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Fill in the correct form of the Present Perfect tense! 1. The earth __________________ here for billions of years (be). 2. We __________...
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Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing...